# Accessing a Private GCP Database via a Jumpbox
Accessing a private **Cloud SQL** instance is a common challenge in cloud-based architectures. Exposing your database directly to the internet poses significant security risks — which is why using a **jumpbox (bastion host)** within a private subnet is an established best practice.
This guide walks you through **configuring and using an SSH tunnel via a jumpbox** to connect to your private Cloud SQL instance on **Google Cloud**.\
By following these steps, you’ll be able to **securely manage your database** while keeping it **isolated and protected within your private network**.
1. In the **GCP Console**, navigate to **Compute Engine → VM instances**, then click **“Create Instance.”**
2. You can use the **default machine type (2 vCPU, 4 GB RAM)** — there’s **no need to modify the default configuration**, as it provides sufficient resources for the jumpbox.
3. For each client that requires access to the Jumpbox, **add their public SSH keys** under the **Managed Access** section in the **Security** tab.
Always **add SSH keys through the GCP Console or CLI** — **do not edit** the `.ssh/authorized_keys` file directly on the VM.\
GCP periodically overwrites this file automatically, so manual edits will be lost.
4. Click **“Create”** to launch the instance.
5. Connect to your Jumpbox using SSH.\
The **SSH username** corresponds to the **user portion of your SSH key**.
For example, if your public key looks like:
```
ssh-rsa AAAAB3... hello@example.com
```
then connect using:
```bash
ssh hello@
```
The **public IP address** (also called the **External IP** in GCP) is visible on the **VM Instances** page in the **Compute Engine** section.
6. In the **Cloud SQL** console, open your database configuration page to find the **Private IP address** listed on the main overview tab.
If a private IP hasn’t been allocated yet, **edit the instance** and enable **Private Service Access**.\
The setup is straightforward — you can safely proceed with the **default suggested configuration**.
7. From your **Jumpbox VM**, verify that the database is reachable by running the following commands:
```bash
# Install telnet if not already installed
sudo apt install telnet -y
# Test the connection to your database
telnet
```
**Database port reference:**
* PostgreSQL → `5432`
* MySQL → `3306`
* SQL Server → `1433`
**Expected output:**
```
hello@jumpbox:~$ telnet
Trying ...
Connected to .
Escape character is '^]'.
```
If the command only shows:
```
Trying ...
```
and does **not** connect, it means the database is **unreachable**.\
Double-check the following:
* You’re using the **correct private IP** and **port**.
* The **Jumpbox subnet** has a valid **route** to the **database subnet**.
* **Firewall or security group rules** allow inbound traffic from the Jumpbox.
8. To strengthen security, **limit SSH access to your Jumpbox** by allowing only trusted IP addresses.
Go to the **Firewall Policies** section in the **GCP Console**, and **create a new firewall rule** that permits inbound SSH traffic **only from your approved IP list**.
9. Select the **network (VPC)** where your **Jumpbox instance** is running to apply the firewall rule to the correct environment.
10. To grant a client access to your Jumpbox, **whitelist their public IP** in your firewall rule.\
Configure the rule with the following parameters:
* **Priority:** `0` (highest priority)
* **Direction of traffic:** `Ingress`
* **Action on match:** `Allow`
* **Source IPv4 ranges:** `/32`
* **Destination IPv4 ranges:** `/32`
This ensures that only the specified client IP can initiate SSH connections to your Jumpbox.
11. Allow access **exclusively through SSH** by whitelisting **port 22**, the default SSH port.\
All other ports and protocols should be **explicitly denied** to prevent unauthorized access.
Once these settings are configured, click **“Create”** to finalize the firewall rule.
12. Now that access from the client’s public IP is allowed, you should **block all other incoming traffic** to the Jumpbox.
Create a **new firewall rule** using the **same network (VPC)** as in the previous step, and configure it as follows:
* **Priority:** `1` (lower priority than the allow rule)
* **Action:** Deny all inbound traffic from any other IP address
This ensures that **only the whitelisted client** can connect to the Jumpbox, while all other sources are **securely blocked**.
13. Set the **Source IPv4 range** to `0.0.0.0/0` to **deny access from all IP addresses**.\
Ensure that **all protocols and ports** are **disabled** to completely block unwanted traffic.
Once configured, click **“Create”** to finalize the firewall rule.
14. Next, confirm that the Jumpbox is **reachable only from the whitelisted client(s)**.\
Try connecting via SSH from any other machine — the connection should **time out**, indicating that access is correctly restricted to authorized IPs only.
#### 🎉 Congratulations!
You’ve successfully allowed an **external client** to **securely access your private Cloud SQL database** through the Jumpbox.
If you need any assistance or have questions, feel free to reach out at — our team is always happy to help!
